Ubmkv]d(The diaspora)F¶p ]dbp¶Xv PqXcpsS hnIoÀ®{]hmkw AYhm ]ebnS§fnembn NnXdnt¸mb AhØ F¶XmWv.PqXcpsS Ncn{Xw A§s\bmWv.Iq«s¡me sN¿s¸«pw \m\mhgn¡v c£s¸t«mSn ]n¶oSv Iq«wtNÀ¶v i{Xp¡Äs¡Xnsc s]mcpXn¯IÀ¶pw ASnathe¡Sns¸«pw At[mhÀ¤§fmbn kaql¯nsâ \nµm]m{X§fmbpw \mknk¯nsâ Ip{]kn²amb \clXy¡ncbmbpw XoÀ¶ PohnX§Ä.PqXÀ kzbw F§s\ hnebncp¯p¶psh¶Xpw C{ktbensâ sNbvXnIsf ImWp¶psh¶Xpw Nn´\obamWv.
HOWARD JACOBSON |
2010 se a³ _p¡À ss{]kv t\Snb luhmUv tP¡_vksâ t\mh Z ^n¦vfÀ IzkvN³ taÂ]dª Nn´IfpsS ^enXk¦enXamb HcmJym\w Xs¶bmWv.PpXhmgvN e£yanSp¶ kbWnkw,ISp¯ PqXhntcm[amb Bânskanänkw F¶nhsb¡pdn¨pÅ Ncn{X]camb ap³[mcWIfps¦nte Cu blqZ tNmZy§fpsS AI¡m¼v ImWm\mIq.
Pqenb³ {StÉmhv F¶ _n_nkn tPmen¡mc\mbncp¶ Hcp a[yhbkvIsâbpw ka{]mb¡mc\mb kmw AYhm kmaph ^n¦vfÀ F¶ PqXXXzNn´Isâbpw kulrZw AhcpsS ]gb A²ym]I³ en_À skhn¡pambpw ]¦psh¡p¶pv.
ASp¯bnsS hn`mcycmb ^n¦vfdpw en_dpw IqsS {StÉmhpw hncp¶v kzoIcn¨psImv en_dnsâ e\nse hkXnbn ]qÀÆImekvacWIÄ ]¦ph¨v kmbmÓw ]¦nSp¶p. AXpIgnªv Xncn¨pt]mIpt¼mÄ ]Xns\m¶ctbmsS Hcp kv{XobmÂ
B{Ian¡s¸«v, sImÅbSn¡s¸«v kzbw t_m[¯n ssiYney§fpÅh\mbn {StÉmhv amdp¶nS¯v XpS§p¶q t\mhÂ.
Hcp kvIqfh[n¡me¯v Hcp Ipd¯n ssIt\m¡n¸dªImcyw {StÉmhv HmÀ¡p¶p.P F¶ i_vZw l F¶v D¨cn¡p¶ Ipd¯n]dbp¶Xv {StÉmhnsâ PohnX¯n PqtWm(lqtWm) F¶mcp kv{Xobpmhpsa¶mWv. ]s£ A]IShpw ImWp¶s{X.
cm{Xnbnte¡pÅ Hcp]t£ Bcpw tIÄ¡m³ km[yXbnÃm¯ hnckamb tdUntbm ]cn]mSnIÄ X¿mdm¡p¶ tPmenbmbncp¶p _n._n.knbn {StÉmhntâXv. _n._n.kn Hcp ae¡q\bmWv AbmÄ¡v. en_dmIs« 90 hbÊpImc³.a[pcamb thZ\sb¶ coXnbnemWv s]mXpsh ChcpsSsbÃmw ZpJ§Ä hntijn¸n¡s¸Sp¶Xv.kvarXnIfpsS k´m]w IeÀ¶ hnhcW§fnÂt]mepw \Àa¯nsâ ckw ]Scpt¼mÄ sam¯w BJym\hpw AXpt]msebmhp¶p.
Xsâ `mcy am¡n ]nbmt\m hmbn¡p¶Xv Bcm[\tbmsS Incn¡p¶ en_À AhcpsS Igp¯ns\ D]an¡m³ Acb¶sa¶ hm¡v D]tbmKn¡p¶Xpw AXv sXämbn D¨cn¨v ]pcpjP\t\{µnbsa¶ AÀ°¯nte¡v h¶pt]mIp¶Xpw IqSpX NncnbpbÀ¯p¶Xv AXn\ptijapÅ Fgp¯pImcsâ Hcp tNmZy¯neqsSbmWv.P\t\{µnbt¯¡mÄ Hu¶XyaÅXmWv AhfpsS Igps¯¶v en_À bYmÀ°¯n Dt±in¨ncp¶pthm F¶v t\mhenÌv kwibw Iqdp¶p.
en_dn\v `mcybmb am¡nbpsS thÀ]mSv thZ\mP\IamsW¦n ^n¦vfÀ¡v Xsâ `mcy ssSedpsS acWw A{X lrZbt`ZIsam¶paÃ.
{StÉmhv Xm³ B{Ian¡s¸Sp¶Xnt\¡pdn¨v BÀ¡pw ]cmXn \ÂIp¶nÃ.Hcp kv{Xo¡v A{Ian¡m³ X¡Xmbn F´v {]tem`\amWv Abmfpm¡nbXv F¶Xpw aäpw aäpamb tNmZy§Ä t\cntSn hcpatÃm.
F´mbmepw B{Ian¡pt¼mÄ AhÄ ]dªXv F´v F¶ ImcyamWv {StÉmhn\v a\Ênemhm¯Xv. \o PqX³ F¶mbncpt¶m AtXm \nsâ PyqhÂkv F¶mbncpt¶m AtXm Pqenb³ {StÉmhv F¶ t]cnsâ XpS¡ambncpt¶m Fs¶ms¡ AbmÄ Nn´n¨p t\m¡p¶p.PqX³ F¶msW¶ kwibw AØm\¯msW¶v kplr¯p¡Ä ]dbp¶p.Im PqXs\¶v sXän[cn¡mhp¶ cq]aÃt{X {StÉmhntâXv.
cq]s¯¡pdn¨pÅ hnhcW§fpw lmkyck{]Zm\§fmWv.(XoÀ¨bmbpw, t\mh apgp\of lmkyamWv F¶v CXn\À°anÃ.) ImWm³ `wKnbpÅhtcmSv kmZriyapÅbmÄ F¶v {StÉmhns\ hnhcn¡p¶Xpw am¡nbpsS Igp¯ns\¡pdn¨pÅ ]cmaÀi§Ä t]mse BkzmZyamIp¶p.
bqtdm¸nÂ,PqX\mbXpsImv Hcmsf Hcp kv{Xo¡v A{Ian¡m³ tXm¶ptam Fs¶mcp kwibw \ap¡pmImw.]e cmPy§fnembn \S¶ PqXÀs¡Xncmb A{Ia§fpsS Hcp hnhcWw Xs¶ t\mhen HcnS¯p \mw
hmbn¡p¶p.sh\ntkzebnse Imc¡mkn kmbp[cmb Hcp Iq«À PqX¸Ån B{Ian¨v XIÀ¯psImv PqXÀ Xpebs« F¶pw C{ktben LmXIÀ F¶pw FgpXnh¨Xpw AÀPâo\bn tlmtfmtImÌv kvamcIZn\mNcW¨S§n\p t\sc \S¶ B{IaWhpw Im\Ubnepw {^m³knepw PqXÀ¡v acWw F¶v Nphscgp¯v h¶XpsaÃmw Ahbn Nneh am{XamWv.
bYmÀ°¯n PqXÀ C{Xbpw A\yh¡cn¡s¸Sp¶ Hcp Npäp]mSv {_n«\neptm F¶dnbm³ AhnsS tPmen sN.¿p¶ Hcp aebmfntbmSp Xnc¡nt\m¡pI.D¯cw \½psS kwibw hÀ²n¸nt¨¡mw.
PqX\mb ^n¦vfdpsS `mcy ssSeÀ Hcp PqXkv{XobÃ.AhÀ¡v ^n¦vfdpsS coXnIÄ A{X ]YyhpaÃ.C{ktbensâ \S]SnIÄs¡Xnsc,HcÀ°¯n blqZhntcm[w ]peÀ¯p¶ blqZ\mb ^n¦vfdpsS eÖnXcmb PqX³amÀ F¶ Iq«mbvabpambpÅ _豈 ssSeÀ t\m¡n¡mWp¶Xp Xs¶ ]cnlmkt¯msSbmWv.]t£ AtX¡pdn¨v \mw Adnbp¶Xv ssSeÀ `À¯mhnsâ Sn.hn.]cn]mSn IpsImv {StÉmhpambn InS¡ ]¦nSpt¼mgmWv.
UkÀ«v sFeâv UnkvIpIÄ F¶ _n._n.knbpsS hnJymXamb tdUntbm ]cn]mSnbnte¡v ^n¦vfÀ¡v £Ww In«p¶pv. Hcp AxnYntbmSv F«v ]m«pIfpw Hcp ]pkvXIhpw Hcp BÀ`mS hkvXphpw Hcp km¦Â]nI Zzo]n Xmakn¡m\mbn XncsªSp¡m³ ]dbpIbpw {]kvXpX XncsªSp¸n\pÅ ImcW§fpw CjvSm\njvS§fpw BcmbpIbpw sN¿p¶ {it²bamb B ]cn]mSnbn ^n¦vfÀ C{ktbensâ \S]Snbn eÖn¡p¶ PqXsc¡pdn¨v ]dbp¶XmWv eÖnXcmb PqX³amcpsS Iq«mbva iàns¸Sm³ tlXphmIp¶Xv.
F´v BZÀi¯nsâ t]cnembmepw eÖnXcmb AhØ Hcp kmaqlnI Iq«mbva¡v ]n³_eamIp¶Xnsâ ]cnlmkyXsb¡pdn¨v {StÉmhv ^enXt_m[t¯msS¯s¶ ]dbp¶p.{StÉmhnsâ ]ckv{XoKa\wþkplr¯mb ^n¦vfdpsS `mcybpambpÅXvþHSphn sXm®qdp hbÊp Ignª kplr¯mb en_dnsâ BßlXy¡v hsc t\cn«sæn¡qSn ImcWambn«pmbncn¡psa¶v {StÉmhv GXmv Ipät_m[t¯msS Nn´n¡p¶pv.
]t£ Ipät_m[w F¶ hm¡v {StÉmhnsâ Imcy¯n F{Xam{Xw tNcpsa¶v kwi¡m\pw ImcW§fpv.GXmv Htc kab¯v AbmÄ¡v tPmkss^³ F¶pw Pm\nkv F¶pw t]cmb cp kv{XoIfn Ip«nIfpmIp¶Xpw AhÀ ]ckv]cw AXdnbp¶Xpw hÀj§Ä¡ptijw AtX Ip«nItfmsSm¸w Hcp Cämenb³ tlm«ensâ \o´Â¡pf¯n kabw Nnehgn¨v Xsâ am\knI KpW§Ä a¡Ä¡ps¶v Is¯p¶Xpw AhcpsS A½amsc¡pdn¨v Nn´n¡p¶XpsaÃmw lrZb_Ô¯nsâ Imcy¯n en_dn \n¶pw {StÉmhv Gsd hyXykvX\msW¶v hyàam¡p¶p.
hr²\mb en_dn\v Xm³ ]v InS¡ ]¦n«ncp¶ Fan F¶ kv{Xosb Ac\qämn\p tijw 80 hbÊpImcnbmbn Ipap«pt¼mÄ A¡mcyw icnbmbn HmÀ¡m\mhp¶nÃ.
STALIN |
t\mhenepS\ofw ]t£ PqX\mtWm AÃtbm F¶XmWv ]et¸mgpw kw`mjW§fpsSt]mepw KXnhnKXnIÄ hsc \nÀ®bn¡p¶Xv.PqX\mb ^n¦fdpsS cq]w t]mepw Pq F¶ hm¡nsâb{X IpdnbXà F¶mWv hnhcWw.Hmd©v \ndhpw \à hen¸hpapÅ ^n¦vfÀ kwkmcn¡pt¼mÄþkv^pSambn D¨cn¡pt¼mÄþ {StÉmhv ]dbp¶Xv ]dtªmfq ]t£ ]c¯m F¶mWv.Xp¸Â sXdn¸n¨v ]c¯msb¶v.
^n¦vfdpsS ]nXmhv acp¶ptjm¸pImc\mb ko\nbÀ ^n¦vfÀ Im³kÀ h¶n«pw kz´w KpfnIIÄ sImv,BtcmKyhm\msW¶p sXfnbn¡m³,D]t`màm¡tfmSv AbmfpsS DZc¯nenSn¡m³ ]dbp¶Xpw KpfnIIfpsS ^e{]m]vXnt_m[ys¸Sp¯n A§s\ Hcp \mÄ acn¡p¶Xpw Hcp Zn\w ^n¦vfÀ Xsâ kz]v\¯n AÑsâ DZc¯n Im³kÀ tNmc¡Sembn ]pd¯p NmSp¶Xphsc CSn¡p¶Xpw FÃmw ^enX¯nsâ tas¼mSntbmsSbmWv t\mhenÌv hnhcn¡p¶Xv.
{StÉmhnsâbpw en_dnsâbpw ^n¦vfdpsSbpw Nn´IfneqsS amdn amdn Kuchhpw ^enXhpw CSIeÀ¶ Hcp k©mcw \S¯pIbmWv t\mhenÌv F¶p ]dbmw.
PqX\mb en_dnsâ IqsS aX]camb NS§n\v ]¦psImtÅn h¶ {StÉmhnsâ ap¶n NS§n\nSbn Dbcp¶ tNmZy§fnsem¶v Cu cm{Xn aäp cm{XnIfn \n¶v hn`n¶amIp¶sX´v sImv F¶XmWv.AXn\pÅ D¯cw AhnSw hnSp¶Xn\p apt¼ Xs¶ {StÉmhn\v e`n¡p¶p.Ipd¯n {]hNn¨ PqtWm(lqtWm) D¨cn¡m³ {]bmkapÅ sl^vkn_mlv hok³t_mw F¶ ]qÀ®\ma¯n AbmfpsS ap¶nse¯p¶p.Aev]w XSn¨hsc¦nepw B kv{XobpsS apJs¯ Gsd Zqcw bm{X sNbvsX¶v tXm¶n¸n¡p¶ £oWw AhÀ kz´w t]cp ]dªXpsImpmbXmbn tXm¶nsb¶v {StÉmhnsâ ho£WtImWn t\mhenÌv hnhcn¡p¶Xv NncnbpWÀ¯p¶p.
^enXmwi§sf´p Xs¶bmbmepw blqZs\ ss{IkvXh\m¡nbpw AtX ss{IkvXhcpsS ]n³Xeapd blqZsc Ahtlfn¡p¶Xpw B{Ian¡p¶Xpamb AhØbnse¯n¨pw apt¶dp¶ a\pjysâ aX Nn´mtemI¯nsâ k¦pNnXXz§sf kckambn hc¨pIm«pIsb¶XvþAXpw `mjmip²nbmÀ¶ BwKteb¯nÂþss[jWnIXbpsS A\p]aamb kv]Àiw Xs¶bmWv.
Hcp ]t£ ap³ _p¡À ss{]kv tPXmhmb AcpÔXn tdmbntb¡mÄ `mjbpsS ss\kÀKnI kv^pcW§Ä luhmUv tP¡_vk¬ FgpXnb ^n¦vfÀ tNmZy¯n Xs¶bmWv.]et¸mgpw \mw Cw¥ojn hmbn¡p¶ ]pkvXI§Ä `mjm´cw sNbvX IrXnIfmWv.A¯cw IrXnIfn {]ISamIp¶Xv hnhÀ¯Isâ `mjmtijnbmIbm AhbpsS ]mcmbWw AXntâXmb Hcp NhÀ¸v krjvSn¡mdpv.A¯csamcp AcpNnbnÃmsX hmbn¨pt]mImhp¶ ]mcmbWtemIw Xs¶bmWv luhmUv tP¡_vksâ Z ^n¦vfÀ IzkvN³.{]km[\w »qwkv_dn.
Arundhati Roy |